History and a Case for Prescience: Introduction on Short Studies of Sylvia Plath’s 1956 Poems
[An earlier version of this essay was first published in Plath Profiles, Volume 7, 2014 with analyses of the 1956 poems by Sylvia Plath] “[Y]ou are being sounded and unpicked, and charted and reduced to your parts. However your new veiled Southpaw approach I should think is a match for their craft.” –Letter to Sylvia […]
“Spider”: Caught in Willie’s Winning Web
Ted Hughes positioned “Spider” as a 1956 poem, but the evidence suggests it may have been written in 1958. In the poem, Plath references the African folklore tale of Anansi, the trickster spider. Hughes noted in The Collected Poems that by the end of the year 1956 she had become greatly interested in African folklore, […]
“Maudlin”: The Monthly Curse
Of all the work in the 1956 section of The Collected Poems, “Maudlin” may be the one closest to Plath’s autobiography. However, this poem was probably written in 1959. After all, Plath wrote in her journals on May 25, 1959, “My Maudlin poem is a prophetic little piece. I get the pleasure of a prayer […]
“Crystal Gazer”: A Different Kind of Globe
Revisions to Plath’s poem “Crystal Gazer” were discussed in Hughes’ October 1956 letters, but Plath’s calendar notes reveal that she wrote 24 lines (probably the first four stanzas) on June 3, 1956 and worked on it through the next few days. On the 6th, she noted that she had barely begun reading Aristotle when she […]
“Ella Mason and Her Eleven Cats”: Cat Houses In The News
Plath wrote “Ella Mason and Her Eleven Cats” on June 2, 1956, per her pocket calendar. Plath spoke a bit of French, and the very near-homophone la maison translates to “the house.” This is less a poem about an animal hoarder, and more explicitly about a cat house, or a brothel. This subject was all […]
“The Beggars”: Neighboring Countries on Hard Times
“The Beggars” is one of Plath’s poems seemingly set in Benidorm, Spain. If Plath had been reading the newspapers from home, which Aurelia might have sent, she would have seen that a new version of Faust opened at the Theatre on the Green in Wellesley, running July through August. In an article entitled, “The Beggar’s Opera,” the […]
“The Goring”: Nazi Gore and Goering
Pictured: Nazi leader, Hermann Goering Plath’s journals and calendars reveal that she attended a bullfight in Spain where she witnessed the picador gored by the bull. This of course was the first inspiration for the poem. But Plath had by now become adept in her multiple meanings. In 1956, two important books came out about […]
“Fiesta Melons”: Pin-up Pumpkins and Hollywood Honeydew
Plath loved Hollywood. Hollywood in 1956 was full of pin-up girls: Liz Taylor was the star of the moment with her movie, Giant. Marilyn Monroe starred in Bus Stop. Deborah Kerr was back with The King and I, and Jayne Mansfield became famous with The Girl Can’t Help It. Carroll Baker, Anita Ekberg, Sheree North, […]
“Wreath for a Bridal”: the Dysfunctional Marriage of Nations
Plath’s poem “Wreath for a Bridal” was written on May 17, 1956 and is often read strictly discussing marriage and physical union. That is of course a small part of Plath’s meaning, but as with so many of her poems, it is more substantial than simply her own autobiography. It should not be overlooked that […]
“The Shrike”: Relentless Ambition
Pictured: A scene with “Mrs. Shrike” from “Shopping for Death” by Ray Bradbury, an episode on Alfred Hitchcock Presents. The Shrike bird might have metaphorically flown to the height of its popularity in 1956. President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Air Force One was a Shrike U4-B (“The singular air”). That same year, the television program Alfred […]